All Measures

The following page details all measures. Use the navigation to jump to any specific measure

Patient Reported

Patient Reported Outcomes Measures (PROM)

Quality of Life

Health Status (howRu)

The howRu health status measure is a short generic Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) to track and compare patients’ perceptions of how they feel and what they can do. (PROM, 24 words, Reading age 8 years).

Benson T, et al. Evaluation of a new short generic measure of HRQoL: howRu. Inform Prim Care 2010;18:89–101. (pdf)

Personal Well-being (PWS)

The Personal Well-being Score (PWS) is a simplified version of the ONS4. It covers life evaluation, worthwhileness, happiness and anxiety. (PROM, 29 words, Reading age 9 years)

Benson T, et al. Personal Wellbeing Score (PWS) – a short version of ONS4: development and validation in social prescribing. BMJ Open Qual 2019;8:e000394. (pdf)

Individualised (PSO)

The Person-Specific Outcome measure (PSO) is a short generic individualised outcome measure, where patients type in one or two issues that concern them most, which are then rated in terms of the amout of concern each is causing. (PROM, 34 words, Reading age 7 years)

Sleep

Sleep patterns are an important determinant of health and well-being. (PROM, 29 words, Reading age 6 years)

Fatigue

Fatigue is a common complaint in primary care and has a big impact on quality of life. (PROM, 27 words, Reading age 9 years)

Individual care

Confidence (HCS)

The Health Confidence Score (HCS) captures what people think about their health literacy, self-efficacy, access to care and shared decision-making. (PROM, 38 words, Reading age 7 years)

Benson T, et al. Development and initial testing of a Health Confidence Score (HCS). BMJ Open Qual 2019;8:e000411. (pdf)

Self-care

Self-Care includes self-management of diet, physical activity, weight and medication. (PROM, 28 words, Reading age 9 years)

Shared Decisions (SDM)

Shared decisions (SDM) covers patients’ involvement in clinical decisions, including their understanding of the choices and the risks and benefits of each. (PROM, 28 words, Reading age 9 years)

Behaviour change

Behaviour change covers your capability, opportunity and motivation (conscious and unconscious) to change what you do, based on Michie’s COM-B model. (PROM, 29 words, Reading age 6 years)

Adherence

Adherence includes remembering to take medications, do treatments and to follow instructions, given side-effects, recovery and satisfaction. (PROM, 32 words, Reading age 8 years)

Acceptance of loss

Acceptance of loss covers how you cope with loss, learn to live with events, including recognition of capabilities and change, how to do things differently and to move on with life, along the lines of the grief cycle. (PROM, 32 words, Reading age 6 years)

Community

Social Determinants of Health (SDH)

Social Determinants of Health (SDH) impact health and care outcomes but are outside the clinical system. Education, self-esteem (status), housing and poverty all play a big role. (PROM, 31 words, Reading age 7 years)

Loneliness

Loneliness is an important determinant of health and well-being. This measure focuses on peoples’ perception of loneliness and their social relationships in a positive way. (PROM, 31 words, Reading age 7 years)

Neighbour relationships

Neighbour relationships, community cohesion and social capital are impacted by how well people know, trust and help each other. (PROM, 10 words, Reading age 8 years)

Personal safety

Personal safety includes physical safety (from injury) and emotional safety (from verbal abuse or discrimination), which may take place either inside your own home or when you go out. (PROM, 30 words, Reading age 10 years)

Loneliness (ONS)

This measure is included as an alternative to loneliness (above), based on guidance from the Office of National Statistics (ONS). (PROM, 17 words, Reading age 5 years)

Patient Reported Experience Measures (PREM)

Care provided

Patient Experience (howRwe)

The howRwe Patient-Reported Experience Measure (PREM) measures patients’ perception of service provided (kindness, communication, promptness and organisation). (PREM, 18 words, Reading age 7 years)

Benson T, Potts HWW. A short generic patient experience questionnaire: howRwe development and validation. BMC Health Serv Res 2014;14:499.

Service integration

Service integration captures patients’ perceptions of how well different services work together to help them. (PREM, 35 words, Reading age 8 years)

Benson T. Measure what we want: a taxonomy of short generic person-reported outcome and experience measures (PROMs and PREMs). BMJ Open Qual 2020;9:e000789. (pdf)

Provider Culture

Privacy

Privacy covers patients’ perceptions of data protection, sharing and information governance. (PREM, 37 words, Reading age 10 years)

Innovation

Digital confidence

Digital confidence assesses people’s confidence in using digital apps and similar devices. (PREM, 36 words, Reading age 12 years)

Product confidence

Product confidence covers understanding of and confidence in using a specific innovation, application or product. (PREM, 25 words, Reading age 10 years)

User satisfaction

User satisfaction focuses on people’s perception of how much an innovation is useful and easy to use, availability of help and overall satisfaction. (PREM, 33 words, Reading age 6 years)

Digital readiness

Digital readiness covers how ready people are to use digital innovations and their innovativeness. (PREM, 30 words, Reading age 9 years)

Training

The Training measure is based on Kirkpatrick’s four levels (Reaction, Learning, Behaviour and Results), which were first introduced in the 1950s. (PREM, 34 words, Reading age 7 years)

Staff Reported Outcomes

R-Outcomes’ family of short generic staff-reported measures cover job satisfaction (work well-being) and confidence and their view of the service provided, staff relationships, how well services work together and shared decision-making.

In many situations, staff are well placed to judge the quality of services provided, because they see patients all day. Staff measures are usually collected anonymously. All R-Outcomes measures require a license.

Outcome staff measures

Quality of life (S)

Health Status (S)

The howRu health status measure is a short generic Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) to track and compare patients’ perceptions of how they feel and what they can do. (PROM, 24 words, Reading age 8 years).

Benson T, et al. Evaluation of a new short generic measure of HRQoL: howRu. Inform Prim Care 2010;18:89–101. (pdf)

Work wellbeing (WWS)

The Work Wellbeing Score (WWS) measures staff satisfaction in four ways: overall satisfaction, worthwhileness, happiness and anxiety. The WWS is based on ONS personal wellbeing questions.

Assessed need (howRthey)

Staff or carer assessment of patients with dementia and frailty being cared for at home or in residential care homes.

Individual care (S)

Patient confidence (S)

Patient confidence is a member of staff’s view of his or her patients’ health confidence.

Job confidence (JCS)

The Job Confidence Score (JCS) is a short measure of staff confidence to do their job, addressing knowledge, ability to manage the work, access to help and involvement in decisions.

Staff-Reported Experience

Care provided (S)

Team service

This measure captures staff perceptions of the care they provide to patients, in a way that is independent of specialty or type of treatment.

Service integration (S)

Better care integration is essential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of new models of care.

Provider culture

Staff relationships

Good relationships and communication between staff working in different services are critically important for patients seeking joined up care.

Shared decisions (S)

This measure covers staff views on their patients involvement in clinical decisions, including the risks and benefits of each option.

Patient safety (S)

Patient safety focuses on clinical aspects of safety including adverse events and cultural attitudes towards safety and learning from incidents.

Staff safety

Staff need to feel safe from being attacked by patients or bullied by managers within the organisation and outside.

Privacy

Privacy covers patients and staff perceptions of information governance including data protection, data sharing, subject access and satisfaction.

Innovation (S)

IT capability

IT capability, which is also called digital confidence, assesses how staff feel about using IT at work in terms of confidence, learning, getting help and solving problems.

Product confidence

The Digital Confidence Score (DCS) is a short generic measure of people’s self-efficacy in using digital devices including smartphones, tablets, laptops and PCs.  The purpose of the DCS is to help is to group people according to their level of digital self-efficacy and digital inclusion, so that people who need more help get it, and those that do not need help with digital devices can get on with it.

User satisfaction

User satisfaction focuses on people’s perception of how much an innovation is useful and easy to use, availability of help and overall satisfaction.

Innovation readiness

People and organisations vary in how ready they are to adopt innovations. People may or may not be open to the need for change or be well-informed about what is possible. Organisations may or may not be receptive to new ideas or have the capability to make change work well.

Innovation process

Innovation process is based on Normalisation Process Theory (NPT), which focuses on project management and engagement. (PREM, 35 words, Reading age 7 years)

Training (S)

The Training measure is based on Kirkpatrick’s four levels (Reaction, Learning, Behaviour and Results), which were first introduced in the 1950s.

Carer Measures

The well-being, confidence and experience of paid and unpaid carers is being recognised increasingly as an important issue.  These measures have been developed from patient-reported measures to reflect the needs of carers and those they care for.

Variants of these measures have been used in care homes, home care and by family carers.  All use the standard R-Outcomes format of four question items with four response options each.

Cared for

This measure captures the amount of help needed by the person being cared for, including unpredictable needs and behaviour problems. (PROM, 28 words, Reading age 9 years)