Social Contact and Loneliness

We published a full peer-reviewed paper on our re-named Social Contact and Loneliness measures.
Both measures address the core issue of loneliness. Social Contact asks questions in a positive way
(Figure 1). Loneliness is more negative, based on ONS guidelines (Figure 2).

1. Benson T, Seers H, Webb N, et al. Development of social contact and loneliness measures with validation in social
   prescribing. BMJ Open Quality 2021; 10: e001306.

Figure 1 Social contact measure

Figure 2 Loneliness measure

Person-Specific Outcome (PSO)

PSO is an individualised measure. It asks people to enter two issues that they most want help with
and scores each.
2 Typically PSO is used on first referral and after the intervention (Figure 3).

Figure 3 Person-Specific Outcome measure

2. Benson T. Person-specific outcome measure (PSO) for use in primary and community care. BMJ Open Quality 2021; 10:
e001379.

Social determinants of health

Social determinants of health (SDoH) are factors such as poverty and housing, which are known to
affect people’s health and wellbeing. We have developed a new measure to capture this for
individual patients (Figure 4). This is based in part on the work of Sir Michael Marmot.

Figure 4 Social Determinants of Health measure

Training

Donald Kirkpatrick developed a simple framework for evaluating all types of training course.
4 This
has four aspects – Reaction, Learning, Behaviour and Results. It is the basis of a short training
evaluation measure (Figure 5).

Figure 5 Training measure

More information

Please contact us for more information about anything mentioned here, or anything else.

Tim Benson
CEO
R-Outcomes Ltd
078855 682037

Home

tim.benson@r-outcomes.com

3. Marmot M. The health gap: the challenge of an unequal world. London: Bloomsbury 2015.
4 Kirkpatrick DL, Kirkpatrick JD. Evaluating training programs: the four levels. 3rd Edition, San Francisco CA: Berrett-Koehler
2006.